Code Examples -> header -- Send a raw HTTP header

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PHP Code Examples

Title :	header -- Send a raw HTTP header
Categories :	PHP, PHP Functions, HTTP	documentation group PHP
Date :	Apr 30th 1999
Grade :	2 of 5 (graded 3 times)
Viewed :	5635
File :	No file for this code example.
Images :	No Images for this code example.

Search :	More code by documentation group PHP
Action :	Grade This Code Example
Tools :	My Examples List

Code

Description

</H2
><DIV
CLASS="funcsynopsis"
><A
NAME="AEN15314"
></A
><P
></P
><P
><CODE
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCDEF"
>int <B
CLASS="function"
>header</B
></CODE
> (string string)</CODE
></P
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
> The <B
CLASS="function"
>Header()</B
> function is used at the top of an
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>HTML</SPAN
> file to send raw <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>HTTP</SPAN
>
header strings. See the <A
HREF="get_example.php3?Function=http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616"
TARGET="_top"
>HTTP 1.1
Specification</A
> for more information on raw http headers.
</P
><P
> There are two special-case header calls. The first is the
"Location" header. Not only does it send this header
back to the browser, it also returns a REDIRECT status code to
Apache. From a script writer's point of view this should not be
important, but for people who understand Apache internals it is
important to understand.
<DIV
CLASS="informalexample"
><A
NAME="AEN15326"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>header ("Location: http://www.net"); /* Redirect browser
to PHP web site */
exit; /* Make sure that code below does
not get executed when we redirect. */
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> The second special-case is any header that starts with the
string, "HTTP/" (case is not significant). For
example, if you have your ErrorDocument 404 Apache directive
pointed to a PHP script, it would be a good idea to make sure
that your PHP script is actually generating a 404. The first
thing you do in your script should then be:
<DIV
CLASS="informalexample"
><A
NAME="AEN15329"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>header ("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> PHP scripts often generate dynamic HTML that must not be cached
by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the
client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable
caching with
<DIV
CLASS="informalexample"
><A
NAME="AEN15332"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>header ("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past
header ("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
// always modified
header ("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header ("Pragma: no-cache"); // HTTP/1.0
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> Remember that the <B
CLASS="function"
>header()</B
> function must be
called before any actual output is sent, either by normal HTML
tags blank lines in a file, or from PHP. It is a very common
error to read code with <A
HREF="get_example.php3?Function=include"
><B
CLASS="function"
>include()</B
></A
>, or
<A
HREF="get_example.php3?Function=require"
><B
CLASS="function"
>require()</B
></A
>, functions, or another file access
function, and have spaces or empty lines that will output before
<B
CLASS="function"
>header()</B
> is called. The same problem exists
when using a single PHP/HTML file.
<DIV
CLASS="informalexample"
><A
NAME="AEN15339"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>< require("user_logging.inc") ?>

< header ("Content-Type: audio/x-pn-realaudio"); ?>
// Broken, Note the blank lines above
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
><P
>

See also <A
HREF="get_example.php3?Function=headers-sent"
><B
CLASS="function"
>headers_sent()</B
></A
>

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