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String Fundamentals =================== Strings are the basic Data Types in PHP. In this tutorial we discuss many text manipulating techniques. Before we move further have a look on echo function. Comments ======== //This is a comment. /* C style comments are also supported */ echo() ====== echo outputs one or more strings. echo arg1,agr2; echo "Hallo Word"; $girl="Ritu"; echo "Girl is $fg"; echo "escaping characters is done \"Like this\"." echo() also has a shortcut syntax, where you can immediately follow the opening tag with an equals sign. I have <?=$model?> Car. Finding Parts of String substr() function : substr($str,$initial_pos,$str_len) $str="net-rpx infoways"; $ch=substr($str,1,3) ; //net $end_char=substr($str,-1); //s $end_word=substr($str,-8) ; //infoways In string counting always begin at zero not one. strpos Gives the position of the first character in a string that matches the character you specify <?php $email="pradeepmamgain@rediffmail.com"; $user_name=substr($email,0,strpos($email,"@")); echo $user_name; //pradeepmamgain ?> If you want to read fixed length records use PHP [unpack()] function Its faster and save CPU time. unpack function put strings in an associative array. <html> <body> <?php $str="Visual Basic is g8"; $unpstr=unpack("A6name1/x7/A2name2",$str); echo $unpstr["name1"]; //Visual echo "<br>";echo $unpstr["name2"]; //is ?> </body> </html> A6name1 : A6 specify that the function is to read five characters, A is for space padded strings. Few more ... a - nul padded string A-Space padded stringsc - signed char C-unsigned chars - s-short S-short i-integer I-integer x -nul byte skip ahead characters X-Back one bite Trimming Blanks from the string =============================== use chop() or rtrim() function to remove whitespaces. <?php $str="Rajdhani Express "; // chop() remove whitespaces from right of $str=chop($str) //analogous to rtrim($str) ?> the string. use ltrim() function to remove white spaces from the left of the string. Converting case =============== <html> <body> <?php $str="visual basic is g8 language"; $str=strtoupper($str); echo $str; // VISUAL BASIC IS G8 LANGUAGE echo "<br>"; $str=strtolower($str); echo $str; // visual basic is g8 language echo "<br>"; $str=ucfirst($str); echo $str; // Visual basic is g8 language echo "<br>"; $str=ucwords($str); echo $str; // Visual Basic Is G8 Language ?> </body> </html> before we move further lets have a look on Regular Expression functions ============================ In these functions expressions should be closed in delimeters, a forward (/) slash for example.Any character can be used for delimeter as far it is not alphanumeric or backslash(\). If the delimeter has to be used in the expression itself, it need to be escaped by backslash.Examples/<\/\e+>/ {^s+(\s+)?$}[b] [preg_match] [/b]Performs a regular expression match. Returns true if a match found. <html> <body> <?php $str="IBM is the best machine."; if (preg_match("/IBM/i",$str)){ print "A match is found."; }else{ print "Sorry ... ";} ?> </body> </html> i in "/IBM/i" indicates case-insensative search. Find a Word =========== <?php $str="netrpx infoways the best tutorial provider."; if (preg_match("/\binfoways\b/i",$str)){ print "A match is found."; }else{ print "Sorry ... ";} ?> the \b in the pattern indicates a word boundary so only distinct word "infoways" is searched. Strings can be replaced using preg_replace.[b] [preg_spilit()][/b]array preg_split( string pattern,string subject],int limit[, int flags]])If the limit is specified , then only substrings upto limits are returned if limit is -1 then it means no limit.Flag - PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE <html> <body> <?php $str="netrpxinfoways"; $Chars=preg_split("//",$str,-1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); print_r($chars); // PRINTS ARRAY OF CHARS ?> </body> </html> following will split netrpx:infoways into an array of netrpx and infoways <?php $str="netrpx:infoways"; $chars=preg_split("/:/",$str,-1,PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); print_r($chars); ?> Reversing Words and Characters ============================== In this tutorial section array_reverse function will be used which reverse an array. [Implode]string implode (string glue,array pieces)Reverse string by word <?php $str="Howdy Suresh, whats up ?"; $chars=preg_split("/\s+/",$str,-1,PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); $chars=array_reverse($chars); $chars=implode(" ",$chars); echo $chars; ?> To reverse all chars in a string use strrev() function. <?php $str="Howdy Suresh, whats up ?"; $str=strrev($str);echo $str; ?> Concating two strings ===================== <? $str="This is string"; $str.="and this is addition to it"; ?> | |||||
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